How to remove impurities from alcohol at home. Without extreme sports and hangover

Previously, water-alcohol solutions were purified from impurities in everyday life using the following methods: 1) filtration; 2) freezing; 3) treatment with protein-containing substances. In industrial alcohol and vodka, along with the latter two, methods were used based on the following phenomena: 1) preferential dissolution of impurities in certain substances, such as oils; 2) salting out.

Filtration. Filtration was carried out by passing an aqueous-alcohol solution through certain filter materials, due to which droplets of fusel oil and mechanical particles were partially separated from it. Filters were made from various materials, but preference was given to charcoal, felt, flannel, soldier's overcoat cloth, and washed sand with particles of certain sizes. Often these materials were used simultaneously.

Freezing. This method is based on the rule that the solubility of substances decreases with decreasing temperature and this decrease in solubility is different for different substances. This is how this method is described in: “Freezing was a purely Russian and very cheap... technique. But it gave an excellent effect. Thanks to Russian severe frosts, as well as the preservation of huge glaciers in the summer, which practically held ice until the fall, freezing large batches of vodka was not possible complex. Vodka was frozen in special small barrels that had an exposed bottom or a special plug, through which the alcohol that had not frozen in the cold was drained. All the water contained in the vodka, with fusel oil frozen to it in the form of a thin layer, turned into an ice piece that was easily thrown away ".

It should be noted that, in our opinion, since during freezing the proportion of water in the solution continuously decreases and the proportion of alcohol increases, and all impurities that are poorly soluble in water are highly soluble in ethyl alcohol, this purification method is ineffective. In this case, there is no purification from impurities that have high solubility in water. Thus, according to “... it turned out that with a content of 1-2% isoamyl alcohol, the ice is pure, and the isoamyl alcohol remains entirely in the alcohol solution.”

Treatment with protein-containing substances. This method is based on the ability of ethyl alcohol to coagulate (collapse) colloidal particles of proteins in water and form large flocculent aggregates from them. The resulting flakes capture the smallest solid particles and droplets of fusel oil present in the solution being purified and slowly settle. According to some data, proteins selectively absorb (adsorb) molecules of other impurity substances present in an aqueous-alcohol solution. As follows from the literature, a single treatment with alcohol is not very effective. But repeated use, although it leads to increased loss of alcohol and prolongation of the purification process, gives a product of very high quality. Milk is used to purify alcohol. egg white, whole eggs, Karluk fish glue. Cleaning is carried out as follows.

Take 1-2 (more is possible) egg whites or the same number of whole eggs per 1 liter of aqueous-alcohol solution. First, they are beaten, then mixed with a small amount of water, added to the solution to be purified and mixed, since protein flakes are formed almost instantly. After this, the mixture is either left alone for several days until the flakes completely precipitate, after which the purified solution is separated from the flakes with the impurity particles captured by them by decanting, or filtered several hours after treatment.

Technologies for purifying alcohol and sorting using milk are given in. According to Wilke's recipe, "... for 100 liters of alcohol, about 3 liters of milk are consumed, the effect of which is explained by the fact that the clot (protein flakes) formed when mixed with alcohol envelops particles of fusel oil and carries them into sediment. After mixing with milk, the alcohol was rectified and since in the past the distillation was carried out over bare fire, straw was laid on the bottom of the cube to prevent the milk from burning. Nowadays, you can find in the recipes for preparing liqueurs instructions for the use of milk, which is believed to give the product a lighter taste, liquid At the end of the action it is not distilled, but only decanted from the sediment."

According to "... Whole milk is considered unsuitable because the fat it contains can change the taste properties in an undesirable direction. Lean milk is more suitable for all high-percentage alcoholic liquids, especially for vodkas of all kinds. Drink from 0.25 to 1 liter of milk per 100 liters. First, add a small amount of water to it and, after thoroughly stirring with a whisk, immediately add this mixture to the main mass of the liquid to be clarified. In this case, the protein coagulates into flakes and after 1-2 days, and often after a shorter time, lightening is observed. When, after prolonged aging, the product becomes crystal clear, it is drained from the sediment and only the cloudy part is subjected to special filtration."

This is how it is described modern technology cleaning the sorting with the help of powdered milk in the work: “Powdered skim milk is introduced into the sorting of Posolskaya vodka in the amount of 6.2 kg per 1000 dal.

Powdered milk is first poured into 20 dal of water, stirred and after 2-3 hours introduced into the water-alcohol mixture. After adding milk, the sorting is mixed and left alone to settle for 2-3 hours. Under the influence of alcohol, coagulation of the milk protein occurs, which ends with the precipitation of a flocculent substance. The flakes sorb on their surface the organic and coloring matter, dragging them into sediment. Thanks to this, vodka acquires a crystal shine and high taste."

Currently, in the industrial technology for preparing high-quality vodkas from the listed protein-containing substances, only skimmed milk powder is used in accordance with GOST 10970-87. This milk is produced from pasteurized skim cow's milk or its mixture with buttermilk by thickening and subsequent drying and must correspond to the following physical and chemical indicators (in%): mass fraction of moisture - no more than 4.0; mass fraction of fat - no more than 1.5; mass fraction of protein - not less than 32.0; mass fraction of lactose - not less than 50.0. Removing impurities using oils. The method is based on the experimentally established fact of the high solubility of fusel oil alcohols in some liquid hydrocarbons and edible fats, in particular in heavy and light petroleum oils, paraffins, poppy and olive oils, etc. Ethyl alcohol, if it is sufficiently diluted with water , does not dissolve in these substances. Due to the fact that impurities such as aldehydes are also not soluble in hydrocarbons, before treating an aqueous-alcohol solution with oil, the latter is treated with an alkali solution. In this case, the aldehydes are imerized and become soluble in oil. Various oils can be used to extract fusel oils, but in industrial production preference was initially given to liquid vegetable oils, later - petroleum oil, having a boiling point of about 240°C and a density of 0.85-0.88 g/ml (note that oil, which according to the modern classification is called solar oil, has characteristics close to those given). So, according to, to purify alcohol from fusel oil "... back in 1858 Breton (later Martin) used poppy seed and olive oil, soaking flannel or pumice with them and filtering raw alcohol through filters prepared in this way, it was assumed that fusel oil was retained in the filter material. The strained alcohol was then subjected to rectification, and in the distillate, according to the observations of I. Kozlov and others, the smell of fusel oil was not noticed, but the smell of consumed oil was noticeable fatty oil. To regenerate the latter, the filter material can be heated using superheated steam, and fusel oil is distilled off, but some of the vegetable fat is also lost.

In 1884, Bang and Ruffin published a method for purifying crude alcohol by treating it with petroleum hydrocarbons, which, without mixing with water or a weak alcoholic liquid, can extract from the latter higher alcohols, ethers and other substances that form fusel oil. According to initial assumptions, light hydrocarbons (petroleum ether) were used for this purpose, but then Bang and Ruffen gave preference to heavier ones, having a density of 0.81 to 0.82... Recently, petroleum oil with a specific gravity of 0.85 has been used - 0.88 g/ml."

According to, in industrial conditions this technology was carried out as follows: “The purified alcohol, previously diluted with water to a strength of 25-30 °, enters a neutralization vat, into which the appropriate amount of lime milk is poured. The vat is equipped with a stirrer, the blades of which can be raised or lowered using a chain , attached to the upper end of the vertical axis. Stirring is continued until the litmus paper lowered into the vat turns blue, i.e., detects an alkaline reaction. The purpose of lime treatment is to neutralize free acids, as well as to decompose complex esters and polymerization of aldehydes. At the end of the reaction, the stirrer is stopped and the liquid is allowed to clarify, and when the lime has settled to the bottom, the solution is lowered into an extraction apparatus, and the solution is washed with petroleum oil. A new portion is poured onto the lime solution, the strength of which is far from being lost at one time aqueous-alcohol solution, after which the stirrer is again activated, etc. Only after many operations is the old lime, almost completely neutralized, replaced by fresh milk of lime, which, in turn, is used for a number of operations. The extraction apparatus, into which the lime-treated aqueous-alcohol solution enters, consists of a conical vat... The lower part of the vat includes a pipe for petroleum oil, perforated inside the extractor with thin holes upward; Under the cover there is a hole in the drain pipe and the level of the solution to be cleaned should be 15 cm below this hole, and the gap from this level to the drain hole is filled with petroleum oil, under which the alcohol cannot evaporate.

The operation of the device is as follows: after pouring in a water-alcohol solution and a protective layer of petroleum oil, start the pump and inject oil through the lower pipe. Rising upward, the streams of oil are saturated with fusel impurities and on the surface merge with the oil layer, and the latter, as it thickens from below, flows through the drain pipe into the cleaning vessels. In these vessels, the petroleum oil leaves all the impurities it extracted from the aqueous-alcohol solution, and, leaving there, in a state of initial purity, is again taken up by the pump and injected into the extraction apparatus. This circulation of oil from the apparatus to the purifiers, and from there through the pump back to the apparatus, continues continuously until the aqueous-alcohol solution is completely purified. After this, the pump is stopped and the liquid is allowed to settle, and all the oil floats up, taking impurities with it. The aqueous-alcohol solution purified in this way is sent for distillation." According to D.I. Mendeleev, "...liquid oils, lubricating oils of petroleum and other similar substances (for example, paraffin), almost without dissolving in alcohol, are extracted from it by fusels oils... and purify the alcohol, which after secondary distillation (or during it) is cleared of most impurities by this method. The purification I personally tested through shaking diluted alcohol with lubricating oils, combined with straining through charcoal and distillation, gave alcohol of very high purity. does not have the smell of oil. Usually, when cleaning, pieces of paraffin were loaded into a cube along with the distilled liquid in such a quantity that after they melted (melting point - 55-60 ° C) a layer of liquid paraffin 1.5-2 cm thick formed on the surface of the distilled liquid . Evaporates during distillation ethanol passes through this layer, and the alcohols of fusel oil dissolve and remain in it.

We tested the purification of an aqueous-alcohol solution using refined sunflower oil. Roasted seed oil is less suitable for this purpose due to its strong aroma. An aqueous-alcohol solution with a strength of 28-30°, obtained as a result of distillation of mature mash “to the end,” was subjected to purification, i.e., until the alcohol was completely separated. The liquid had an unpleasant fusel odor and a cloudy appearance. 20 ml of oil were consumed per 1 liter of solution.

Purification was carried out as follows. After pouring 10-15 liters of the solution to be purified and the appropriate amount of oil into a 25 liter bottle, the container was shaken vigorously. for 40-60 s. This operation was repeated 2-3 times with intervals between shaking of 1-2 minutes. Immediately after the shaking stops, the liquid begins to separate into two layers: the upper one, which is sunflower oil with substances dissolved in it, and the lower one, which is an aqueous-alcohol solution with tiny droplets of oil. The amount of the latter decreases over time, but even after 20 hours complete release of oil does not occur. 12^ after the end of shaking, the bottom layer was drained using a siphon. Visually, this liquid has a cloudy color and a faint odor of sunflower and fusel oils. The top layer remaining in the bottle has a pronounced smell of fusel oil, drowning out the smell of sunflower oil. The oil and the substances it contained were poured into a metal container.

The container was subjected to regeneration by heating it at 140-150°C for 20-30 minutes until the smell of fusel oil completely disappeared. The reclaimed oil was reused, and the oil-treated aqueous-alcohol solution was distilled. At the same time, the first and middle portions of the distillate had an extremely faint smell of fusel oil, which intensified somewhat as the distillation progressed towards its end. However, even in the last fractions it was insignificant and the distillate was completely transparent.

In our opinion, incomplete cleaning is due to a number of reasons. First of all, this is due to the presence of fusel oil components in the solution, which have significant solubility in water and ethyl alcohol, due to which they are poorly absorbed by sunflower oil. In addition, in addition, a solution with a certain number of tiny droplets of sunflower oil containing fusel oil components dissolved in it, which are also released during repeated distillation, is sent for re-distillation. The smell of sunflower oil is completely eliminated, and the smell of fusel oil is weakened even more if before re-distillation Filter the oil-treated solution through charcoal or bone charcoal.

The cleaning effect is enhanced if the aqueous-alcohol solution to be purified is diluted with water to a strength of 20-25° or lower before mixing with sunflower oil and (or) the mixture is kept with the oil for 3-4 days. However, much more effective in terms of reducing both the time and the degree of purification is re-cleaning the solution with fresh or regenerated oil, combined with filtering through coal.

It is also effective to add caustic solution (NaOH) to the purified sunflower oil solution, which is introduced into the distillation cube in the form of a solution immediately before distillation. Under the influence of soda, when boiling, the esters of sunflower and fusel oils are saponified and acids are neutralized with the formation of non-volatile substances. For 1 liter of oil-treated aqueous-alcohol solution, about 1.5 g of NaOH is sufficient. When using NaOH, filtering the oil-treated solution through carbon does not have to be carried out.

Salting out. The starting point for this purification method is the experimentally established facts of the limited solubility of many components of fusel oil in an aqueous-alcohol solution and a decrease in their solubility when certain substances are added to this solution. In a simplified way, we can assume that the water-alcohol solution obtained as a result of the first distillation is a system in which one part of the molecules of fusel oil is evenly distributed between the molecules of water and ethyl alcohol (that is, it is in a dissolved state), and the second part is combined into the smallest droplets. These droplets have a density close to the density of an aqueous-alcohol solution, and as a result, they are also small in size

Evenly distributed throughout its volume. It is clear that an increase in the density of the solution will lead to an increase in the lifting (buoyancy) force acting on these droplets, as a result of which they float to the surface of the solution, from where they can be removed even mechanically. In practice, this increase in density is easy to achieve by introducing into the solution substances that have significant solubility in water, but are not soluble in droplets of fusel oil. However, increasing the density of the solution will not lead to its complete purification from all components of fusel oil, since some of them still remain dissolved in it. Therefore, it is desirable that the substance introduced into the solution not only increases its density, but also simultaneously weakens the bond of molecules of water and ethyl alcohol with the molecules of fusel oil, that is, reduces the solubility of fusel oil in water and ethyl alcohol, as a result of which fusel oil molecules should be separated from solution, combine into droplets and also float up. An aqueous-alcohol solution treated with such a substance will be freed from fusel oils, but it is not suitable for use due to the low concentration of ethyl alcohol in it and the high concentration of the dissolved substance. This deficiency can be eliminated by distillation. But this purification method places new demands on the solute; it must be non-volatile, chemically inert to ethyl alcohol and the material of the containers used. The purification method by distillation requires that this substance help reduce the bond between water molecules and ethyl alcohol. Fulfilling this requirement is especially important, since it leads to an increase in the rectification coefficient of ethyl alcohol and provides the possibility of its additional purification during the distillation process. At the same time, a decrease in the bond between the molecules of ethyl alcohol and water should not lead to the fact that water and ethyl alcohol separate and ethyl alcohol, together with fusel oil, ends up on the surface of the water.

It would seem that the most suitable substances for purifying a water-alcohol solution from poorly soluble components of fusel oil could be salt(NaCl), due to its availability, low cost, relatively high solubility in water (36.0) and density (2.16 g/cm), 3 also calcium chloride (CaCI2) - extremely hygroscopic “highly soluble in water (59, 5°, 159) substance. However, due to the fact that in comparison with solubility in water, the solubility of NaCl in aqueous-alcohol solutions is greatly reduced, for example, in a 30° aqueous-alcohol solution it is only 14, table salt is of little use for these purposes. As for CaClg, by using it, you can easily ensure the necessary density of the aqueous-alcohol solution, but this salt reacts chemically with ethyl alcohol, which is why it is also unsuitable for these purposes.

In the technology of industrial alcohol purification, potash (potassium carbonate K2CO3) is most widely used. (Potash is a white salt or, depending on the degree of purification, yellowish in color, very hygroscopic, density - 2.43 g/cm, solubility in water: 112 g in cold and 156;:. solubility in 30° aqueous-alcoholic solution is about - 30. Note that in industry and in everyday life, for a long time, the raw materials for producing potash were exclusively ash from trees, grasses, cereal straw, sunflower stems, from which it was extracted by dissolving in water. On average, from tree ash you can get 10 %, from grass, straw and, especially from sunflower stems, - about 30% potash by weight of ash.

Methods for purifying alcohol from fusel oil using potash are described in. Excerpts from both of these works are quoted below, since the information presented in them, complementing each other, allows us to get a more complete picture of the mechanism of this process.

The work states that “...if salt solutions of a certain concentration - potash, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate - are added in a certain ratio to crude alcohol, then it is observed that a dark, unpleasant odor, liquid layer settles above the liquid, which, when selected proper concentration contains all the fusel oil, as well as the head products. Subsequently, potash turned out to be the best, because thanks to its neutralization of acids and its decomposing effect on aldehydes, it was always a valuable purifying agent for crude alcohol. Purification using this method is carried out as follows: per unit volume of crude alcohol at 80 vol.% I take "about 4-5 volumes of potash solution, specific gravity 1.235^1.240 g/ml at 15°C, corresponding to the content of 295-302.5 g of solga per liter. The potash solution is heated in an iron cylinder* to approximately 60 C and, with constant stirring, 80 vol.% alcohol is added to it until a layer equal to 1/30-1/60 of the total volume of liquid is formed. For alcohols of other strengths, the concentration of potash solution should be changed accordingly. Add raw alcohol using a pipe reaching almost to the bottom of the vat, stirring with a stirrer. When it is noticed that the top layer has the proper thickness, it is then lowered into a separate vessel using a special draining device and the next layers are separated. Once the layers are removed, distillation begins."

The same method is described as follows: “The method... is based on the separation of fusel oil from alcohol by specific gravity. The purified alcohol is poured into a specially designed vessel and a certain amount of potash or sulfate is added to it, in dry form or in the form of a concentrated solution* ammonium. After some time, the mixture will clearly separate into two layers, which can be accelerated by slightly heating the vessel. All impurities should go into the upper layer, i.e. ethers and fusel oils with a small amount of alcohol. The thicker this layer, the more it carries away alcohol, and therefore, to reduce loss, it is necessary to regulate the thickness of the upper layer by successive additions of water, heating or cooling.If the matter is carried out properly, in the lower layer there will remain, in addition to the added salts, pure alcohol with an insignificant admixture of fusel oil (we will also add water).

The following proportion of materials gives the best result: dissolve 30 to 40 kg of potash or a corresponding amount of ammonium sulfate in 100 liters of water and add 40 liters of purified alcohol to this solution, the strength of which is assumed to be 80 vol.%. The temperature during the operation should be from 20 to 40 C. At this temperature, the mixture of liquids is clearly divided into two layers and the upper layer can be easily increased or decreased as desired by moderately heating or cooling the vessel, or by adding water or salt. You can also do the opposite of the above, namely: first pour raw alcohol into the vessel, and then add the Salt solution, maintaining, however, the same proportions and temperature. The addition of solid salts, although possible, is less recommended. Having decanted the top layer of liquid, if necessary, you can add a small amount of potash to the bottom layer or moderately heat the liquid, on the surface of which a new layer is formed containing the remains of fusel oil. Having combined both decanters, first of all, the ethyl alcohol that has passed into this part of the liquid along with fusel oils is extracted, for which the decanter is treated according to the above method with a concentrated solution of potash or ammonium sulfate.

The final result is a very concentrated fusel essence, which can be utilized in perfume production, turning it into aromatic esters. The lower layers of liquid, which are a mixture of brine solutions with ethyl alcohol, enter a simple distillation apparatus for distilling off alcohol, which is obtained in pure form. As for the salts remaining from distillation, they can be used for the following operations. In addition to potash and ammonium sulfate, many other salts can be used to purify alcohol using the described method... All these substances tend to release fusel impurities of alcohol into the upper layer. The process order and temperature do not change. When using alkaline materials, chemical purification occurs in part, namely the neutralization of the acids contained in the solution, but the main result is achieved here in any case mechanically."

Alcohol purification

It is no secret that low-quality alcohol causes many illnesses and even deaths of people. But alcohol is quite often used in medicinal purposes, including oral administration in the form of pepper and various tinctures. In addition, alcohol is used for external use (disinfecting wounds, cauterization, etc.), so harmful substances contained in low-quality alcohol can penetrate the human body through the skin. Therefore, it is very important that the alcohol used is free of toxic substances and harmful impurities.

However, despite all the measures taken to purify alcohol during production (during the preparation of the mash, during fermentation and during distillation), it is still impossible to obtain pure product. This also applies to wine.

To purify alcoholic beverages, it is recommended to use filters containing activated carbon. It not only cleanses the drink, but also eliminates unpleasant odors, improves taste. In addition, the wine brightens, getting rid of color absorbed from outside.

In Russian distillation, coal for filtration began to be used a long time ago. In 1785, the St. Petersburg pharmacist T. E. Lovitz, who later became an academician, was the first to discover the purifying ability of coal during the distillation of alcohol. In his experiments, Lovitz distilled alcohol over coal powder and at the same time obtained a purer product than with conventional distillation. The same scientist discovered that simply shaking wine without heating or rectification improves the taste and color of the drink and eliminates unpleasant odors.

In addition, the following discovery was made: filtration through carbon can be effectively carried out by first diluting the alcohol with cold boiled water to 40% or after the first distillation, when the proportion of alcohol contained does not exceed 45%. Good results are justified by the fact that the higher the concentration of alcohol, the more it retains impurities and, accordingly, the more difficult it is to purify. During this process, it is important to keep the temperature of the alcohol as low as possible. Soon this discovery began to be applied in wineries. As a result, the quality of the wines has improved significantly.

Filter from activated carbon, as mentioned above, we can make it ourselves. In this case, you can use either activated carbon, purchased directly from a pharmacy, or homemade carbon, made from wood.

In the latter case, by selecting certain tree species, it is possible to obtain alcohol with different taste qualities that are not available from any other manufacturer.

To make a filter at home, you need to take a pan of a suitable size with a hole made in the bottom. Place a thin layer of cotton wool and a piece of gauze on the bottom of the pan. Activated carbon is poured on top of the gauze at the rate of 50 g per 1 liter of alcohol intended for filtration. The coal is covered with the edges of gauze so that it does not float to the surface. After this, you can pour alcohol into the prepared container.

It should be remembered that different varieties Woods have different adsorbing properties, that is, the composition of the substances they absorb varies to some extent. This is the reason for the taste and quality differences between wines purified with different filters.

To clean the alcohol as best as possible, it is recommended to pass it through a similar filter 2-3 times. The finer the powder, the denser the filter will be, and the filtration process itself will be slower, but the alcohol passed through the filter will be better purified.

Another way to purify alcohol is to pour activated carbon into a container with alcohol at the rate of 50 g per 1 liter and shake the resulting mixture well. It is recommended to do this shaking several times during the day. After this, the alcohol, together with activated carbon, is infused for about a week, after which it is filtered through gauze or filter paper.

Purifying alcohol at home gives very good results.

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Medical alcohol and vodka are fortified drinks that are used for various purposes. Unfortunately, they are not always pure and often contain various harmful substances. human body impurities and additives. Therefore, before using them, it is important to know how you can purify vodka at home without using any complex technological processes or other alcoholic drinks.

Scientific research has proven that the quality of any alcoholic drink prepared at home depends on its strength. It is believed that the lower the temperature of a homemade drink, the purer it is. When using medical alcohol, it is always diluted with filtered water so that the hydrometer readings are no more than 42 degrees.

When people make their own moonshine, vodka, tincture or balm at home, very often finished products has an unpleasant odor, taste or cloudy color. To avoid such consequences, you need to know the methods for purifying alcoholic beverages.

For example, you can purify medical alcohol at home in many ways, which are also suitable for cleaning homemade or store-bought vodka. Moreover, such methods are very simple and do not require any additional or complex equipment. The fastest and most elementary way: use paper to make a funnel and put cotton wool in the hole. Then very slowly drive the vodka through this homemade device.

Alcohol and vodka are widely used in everyday life for various purposes. In medical practice, medicinal balms, rubs or tinctures are prepared from them. They are also used to supplement festive feasts, as they form the basis of many cognacs and other drinks. Therefore, it is very important to use only a high-quality product that does not contain any foreign impurities or harmful substances.

At home, regardless of the ingredients used in the preparation of vodka or moonshine, impurities often remain that spoil the taste or smell of the product. It becomes unsuitable for further use. Therefore, many home methods, after the drink is fully prepared, are based on mandatory cleansing.

Potassium permanganate or potassium permanganate can be purchased through the pharmacy chain. With its help, they carry out a fairly quick and effective cleaning alcohol at home. This method will also help soften the taste and remove unpleasant odors from homemade vodka.

Cleaning technology:

  1. For 1 liter of any alcoholic drink you will need only 2 grams of potassium permanganate. You need to mix the ingredients.
  2. Let the solution sit for 20 hours. That is, you need to wait for a precipitate to form. Depending on the quality of the vodka or alcohol, this time may be reduced. If the vodka has few impurities, then most likely it will only take 10 or 12 hours.
  3. After a precipitate forms, the solution is filtered.

This process can be carried out in the simplest way using a homemade paper funnel and cotton wool. It can also be made from a plastic bottle, the bottom of which has been pre-cut. The best option considered to be paper towels folded in several layers.

Cleaning baking soda- a fairly common method. This method can remove many harmful impurities from the drink and remove the unpleasant odor.

Cleansing technique:

For filtration, you can use a homemade filter made of paper and cotton wool or a layer of fine cold charcoal.

Purifying vodka with potassium permanganate or soda is quite quick and simple ways. However, no less popular is the cleaning method chicken egg, which can be replaced with milk. These products enter into chemical reactions with alcohol, as a result of which they coagulate.

Step-by-step cleansing process:

  1. For 1 liter of moonshine you will need two eggs. First you need to separate the yolks from the whites. To cleanse, you only need whites, which must be beaten until foam forms.
  2. This protein foam is poured into moonshine (vodka, alcohol).
  3. Stir.
  4. The drink is allowed to settle for 2 or 3 hours, and then the liquid is drained. There should be some sediment left at the bottom of the dish.
  5. Filtered.

Similarly, milk is used, which also reacts and curdles, forming a sediment. This method allows you to remove harmful impurities from alcohol-containing drinks. Milk or protein draws them in and acts as sorbents.

Technology with black bread

This method of purifying vodka at home is also very effective, but few people know about it. It is very simple and allows you to get rid of harmful impurities and fusel oils that are in the drink.

Before purifying vodka with black bread, you must first use another purification method, for example, using potassium permanganate or chicken protein.

Cleansing with black bread:

  1. Place a small piece of black bread in a container with vodka for several hours.
  2. After the composition has infused, the liquid must be drained.
  3. Filter the drink.

This method will not only help get rid of fusel oils, but also improve the taste and aroma of the alcohol-containing drink. And if you use well-fried rye crusts or slightly burnt pieces of black bread, the vodka will additionally acquire a golden color.

Another great way to help rid your drink of fusel impurities. It does not require any special tools or equipment. This technique involves using low temperatures, that is, vodka can be purified by freezing. As a result of freezing, impurities that are in the drink form sediment on the walls and bottom of the container. Moreover, the alcohol itself is not frozen and remains unchanged.

The technology is very simple: the container with the drink is frozen, and then it is poured into a clean container. It is necessary to wait several hours so that the freezing process is complete and all the impurities are transformed into ice.

Important! Freezing should be carried out at a temperature of minus 30 degrees Celsius.

The second method: the drink that needs to be cleaned is poured into a bag and placed in the freezer for 4 or 5 hours. As soon as the time is up, take it out, make a hole in the bag and drain the liquid. Ice with harmful impurities is thrown away. The advantages of freezing: the alcohol-containing drink is purified and becomes stronger in degrees. Cons - its volume is slightly reduced.

This technology allows you to make the drink not only cleaner, but also makes it transparent. It also gains degrees and becomes stronger. Another advantage is the speed of such cleaning, since freezing takes a maximum of only 5 hours.

Vodka or alcohol can be purified using activated carbon. Any absorbent substances always bind harmful impurities together and absorb them. This technique allows for cleansing not only of the human body, where it is most often used, but also of alcohol-containing drinks.

Activated carbon is considered one of the most common and popular sorbents. It is very cheap and is sold in any pharmacy, so there is no problem buying it and using it in the future for cleansing. Coal is used to remove bluish oils and other harmful substances and impurities. Activated carbon is sold in tablets, and Enterosgel can also be used as a substitute.

Applications of activated carbon:

  1. The tablets are poured into a container and crushed to a powder.
  2. Then they need to be filled with vodka at the rate of 50 g of tablets per 1 liter of drink.
  3. The mixture must be infused for 6-7 days and the composition must be shaken and stirred periodically.
  4. At the end of the period, it must be strained and filtered.

Important! To improve the result and obtain a product with good characteristics, it is advisable to repeat this process two or even three times. Activated carbon must be constantly changed with each cleansing.

In the old days, in many countries, alcoholic drinks were purified using the most different ways. Depending on the region of residence, certain plants and devices were used. In Rus', violet roots were used to remove the unpleasant smell of moonshine and its taste. They had to be mixed with one spoon of candied honey per 1 liter of liquid. Later, people began to use sugar instead of honey. This drink was put in a dark place and infused for 15 hours, and then it was passed through several layers of cotton fabric.

The second most popular method was the method of purifying alcoholic beverages using sand and coal. Cold (cooled) coals were finely ground. The river sand was first washed in clean water and thoroughly listened to, and then mixed with coals. Thus, a filter was formed through which moonshine and homemade vodka were passed. This was done slowly, in a thin stream.

There is a myth that you can purify vodka using silver. In fact, this is not true, since silver ions prevent the necessary bacteria from growing and developing. For example, moonshine is prepared from mash, and this requires fermentation of yeast. Silver prevents them from developing. Therefore, it is excellent for purifying water, but in no case should it be used in alcohol-containing drinks.

Alcohol testing

Many people believe that if the alcohol is 100 degrees, then it does not need purification. In most cases, this strength is very rarely found in any alcoholic beverages. And besides, it does not guarantee that the alcohol does not contain foreign impurities and fusel oils. Therefore, any drink that contains alcohol must be checked.

Glass or any mirror can be suitable for this. Before starting the test, the smooth surface must be thoroughly washed, first with very hot water, and then rinsed with cold water. The surface should dry naturally. Then take a few drops of vodka or alcohol and pour it onto the prepared glass. You need to wait for the liquid to completely evaporate. Conditions should be normal: room temperature, without heaters or fans. At the end of the test, there should be no traces left on the glass.

Improved taste and smell

When preparing homemade tinctures or balms, fruits, herbs and berries are often used. They improve the taste and aroma of drinks.

Here are some tips:

Every housewife wants to decorate her festive table and surprise your guests. Balms and fruit and berry tinctures, prepared with my own hands with special care, warmth and love, they will not only help decorate it, but also impart a joyful mood to the special event.

Attention, TODAY only!

The invention relates to the alcohol industry, in particular to a method for purifying ethyl alcohol from impurities. The method consists of passing ethyl alcohol through a porous sorbent selected from the range: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite, activated by an air flow at 350-460 o C, followed by cooling in an atmosphere of inert gas, an inert gas is passed through the resulting alcohol , then dilute it with water and subject to rectification to remove isopropyl alcohol impurities. As a rule, the porous sorbent is subjected to regeneration in a flow of inert gas at an elevated temperature, and nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide or any mixture thereof is used as an inert gas. The method allows you to obtain a high quality commercial product. 2 salary f-ly.

The invention relates to the alcohol industry, in particular to the development of methods for purifying ethyl alcohol to obtain a high-quality commercial product. Ethyl alcohol is important product in production alcoholic drinks. For food purposes, it is usually obtained by distilling fermented sugar-containing material such as beet molasses, sugar cane molasses or starchy substances such as potatoes and various types of cereals: rye, wheat, barley, rice, maize. The result is raw alcohol containing significant impurities of fusel oils. The most important by-products of alcoholic fermentation are acetaldehyde, acetal, glycerin, succinic acid and the so-called fusel oil, which is a mixture of butyl and amyl alcohols and their higher homologues. Succinic acid and fusel oils are formed not from sugar, but as a result of a special fermentation process of amino acids, which are obtained from the proteins of the nutrient substrate. The most common methods for purifying ethanol from impurities are azeotropic, extractive, salt rectification and membrane purification methods [V.I. Zvereva. Production of high-purity ethanol. Journal Appl. Chemistry, 1997, v. 70, issue. 7, pp. 1154-1158]. Most of the research on ethanol purification concerns the removal of a certain group of impurities, in particular methanol, aldehydes, fusel oils, etc. To remove these impurities, rectification purification of ethanol is most often used at atmospheric pressure. As a result, rectified alcohol is obtained with a significantly reduced amount of impurities. There are the following types of rectified alcohol: 1st grade, highest purification, extra, luxury, which are subject to GOST 5962-67. The alcohol must be transparent, colorless, without foreign inclusions, have the taste and smell characteristic of each type, produced from the appropriate raw materials, without the taste and smell of foreign substances. To make vodka, a water-alcohol mixture is used, composed of ethyl alcohol of a certain degree of purification and purified water, with the addition of various ingredients to enhance the smell and increase the range of taste qualities. In the production of vodka, various types of alcohol are used, including low quality ones. Currently, the ethanol purification process aims to use a simpler and cheaper method while maintaining high quality of the target product. The most common means for cleaning fusel oil has always been fresh charcoal. The latter acts mainly chemically, oxidizing alcohols with the help of oxygen concentrated in its pores; Alcohols are thus converted into acids (also aldehydes), which form esters. Some of these esters are retained by charcoal, while some remain in purified alcohol, so that filtration through charcoal, while refining the taste and smell of alcohol, does not actually remove fusel oils. The patent [US 2946687, 1960] describes the use of modified and partially activated carbon from heavy woods. The water-alcohol mixture is treated with activated carbon for cleaning purposes. However, the purpose of cleaning is not achieved, since the oxygen contained in the pores of activated carbon oxidizes methanol, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols (fusel oil) to harmful aldehydes and esters, which remain in finished product . Despite the reduction of various impurities present in the water-alcohol mixture, bottled vodka may have a cloudy sediment through this process. The source of this precipitate is the activated carbon used, which contains polyvalent cations of calcium and magnesium. There is a known method for purifying ethyl alcohol by pre-treating concentrated ethyl alcohol with sodium borohydride, passing it through activated carbon and isolating the purified alcohol by rectification [RF Patent 2046787, C 07 C 31/08, 10.27.95]. The use of this method increases the efficiency of using activated carbon, reduces losses of the target product and makes it possible to obtain high-purity ethyl alcohol, suitable for optical measurements. There is a known method for purifying a water-ethanol mixture on activated carbon using ultra-low temperatures from -45 to -22 o C at the first stage of processing and from -22 to 5 o C at the second stage in order to minimize the content of unpleasant-tasting substances in vodka due to the formation so-called clathrate compounds. It is assumed that clathrate compounds formed when ethyl alcohol is mixed with water at high temperatures also capture unpalatable compounds such as acetals and hemiacetals. Once captured in the cavity of the clathrates, these unwanted compounds are no longer removed or are poorly removed by activated carbon [RF Patent 2107679, C 07 C 31/08, 03/27/98]. The closest to the claimed method is a method using activated carbon as an adsorbent [US Patent 5370891, C 12 C 3/08, 1990]. According to this method, the purification process is carried out by passing a water-alcohol mixture through three layers of activated carbon at 5-20 o C. The disadvantage of this method is the low purification efficiency and the high cost of the process, since high selectivity for the target product is achieved by the fact that Low-quality types of alcohol are used as raw materials, containing significant amounts of isopropyl alcohol, which causes a harsh taste according to organoleptic indicators. In addition, the regeneration of activated carbon in such quantities becomes economically unprofitable. All known methods do not completely eliminate the specific taste of vodka, and therefore even high-quality vodka is recommended to be consumed very chilled. Patent GB 2127011, 04.04.1984 describes a method for isolating ethyl alcohol from a mixture with organic substances, including higher branched alcohols, branched or cyclic alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons or ethers by passing the mixture through molecular sieves. The mixture to be separated contains up to 20 wt.% ethyl alcohol. This means that all of the listed compounds are larger in size than the ethyl alcohol molecule. This is the principle of separating the mixture. Ethyl alcohol molecules are retained by a molecular sieve, while larger molecules pass through the column and are collected in a receiver. Ethyl alcohol is then removed from the molecular sieve by displacing the alcohol vapor with an inert gas when heated. This method cannot be used in the food or medical industries, since the product extracted from the molecular sieve by displacement with an inert gas during heating will be contaminated with impurities and must be subjected to a complex additional purification procedure. Foreign substances can also appear as a result of catalytic transformations of chemical compounds that occur at elevated temperatures when the molecular sieve is heated during the extraction of ethyl alcohol. The invention solves the problem of developing a method for purifying ethyl alcohol, characterized by high quality indicators of a commercial product. The problem is being solved in the following way purification of ethyl alcohol. A sorbent with a specific surface of at least 150 m 2 /g, selected from the range: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, synthetic zeolite, natural mineral, is loaded into the reaction column, the sorbent is activated with an air flow for 2-3 hours at 420-460 o C, cooled to room temperature temperature in the flow of inert carrier gas (nitrogen, argon, helium or CO 2). A mixture of ethyl alcohol and fusel oils is passed through a column with a sorbent in an atmosphere of inert gas. After separating the initial alcohol fraction, enriched with part of the impurities (methyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate), the pure ethyl alcohol fraction is collected until another part of the impurities (butyl and amyl alcohols) appears at the outlet of the adsorber. Monitoring the absence of impurities in the collected liquid is carried out chromatographically. Ethyl alcohol is collected in a container through which an inert gas is bubbled to displace traces of dissolved oxygen. The other part of the impurities (butyl and amyl alcohols and ethers) remaining on the sorbent is removed from the sorbent by displacing them with an inert gas when heated. The sorbent in the adsorption column is subjected to regeneration by heating in a flow of inert gas at elevated temperatures. The purified part of the alcohol is separated, diluted with water and subjected to rectification to remove isopropyl alcohol. The alcohols of fusel oils isolated during regeneration can be used as flavoring agents in confectionery industry. The resulting rectified alcohol has a high degree of purification and can be used in medical purposes , as well as for the preparation of vodkas of the highest quality. The difference between the proposed method and the method described in patent GB 2127011 is the use of a fundamentally different method for separating ethyl alcohol, based on the different ability of substances to be retained by a solid porous sorbent when passing a flow of liquid substances through the sorbent. The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following examples. Example 1. 33.32 g of Al 2 (SO 4) 3 9H 2 O are dissolved in 150 ml of water and added with stirring to a solution of 8.0 g of SiO 2 powder in 40.2 ml of 17.4 M NaOH solution. The resulting gel is subjected to crystallization at a temperature of 180 o C for 3 days. The resulting precipitate is filtered off, washed with distilled water, dried at 120 o C. The resulting powder with a molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 2.3 and a specific surface area of ​​150 m 2 /g is tableted and loaded into an adsorption column. Then activate with a stream of air at a temperature of 350 o C for 2 hours. Cool in a stream of inert nitrogen gas. Raw alcohol containing fusel oil impurities of 5 wt.%, supplied at a volumetric speed of 1.0 hour -1, is passed through the sorbent at room temperature. After separating the initial alcohol fraction, enriched with part of the impurities (methyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate), the pure ethyl alcohol fraction is collected until another part of the impurities (butyl and amyl alcohols) appears at the outlet of the adsorber. Monitoring the absence of impurities in the collected liquid is carried out chromatographically. Ethyl alcohol is collected in a container through which nitrogen is bubbled. The sorbent in the adsorption column is subjected to regeneration by heating in a nitrogen stream at a temperature of 200 o C. After separating the purified part of the alcohol, it is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1 and subjected to rectification. The resulting rectified alcohol complies with the requirements of GOST 5964-82. The yield of the pure fraction is 45 wt.% of the passed volume of raw alcohol. Example 2. Synthetic NaA zeolite with a molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 2.0 and a specific surface area of ​​150 m 2 /g is used as a sorbent. The process conditions are the same as in example 1, but argon is used as an inert gas. The yield of the pure fraction is 35 wt.% of the passed volume of raw alcohol containing 10 wt.% impurities. Example 3. A synthetic zeolite of the pentasil type with a molar ratio of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 42.0 and a specific surface area of ​​500 m 2 /g is used as an adsorbent. The process conditions are the same as in example 1, but helium is used as an inert gas. The yield of the pure fraction is 65% of the passed volume of raw alcohol containing 5 wt.% impurities. Example 4. -Al 2 O 3 with a specific surface area of ​​180 m 2 /g is used as an adsorbent. The process conditions are the same as in example 1, but CO 2 is used as an inert gas. The yield of the pure fraction is 15% of the passed volume of raw alcohol containing 10 wt.% impurities. Example 5. SiO 2 with a specific surface area of ​​200 m 2 /g is used as an adsorbent. The process conditions are as in example 1. The yield of the pure fraction is 55% of the passed volume of raw alcohol containing 7 wt.% impurities. Example 6. A natural mineral, clinoptilolite, with a specific surface of 150 m 2 /g is used as an adsorbent. The process conditions are the same as in example 1, but a mixture containing 50 vol.% nitrogen and 50 vol.% is used as an inert gas. % CO 2 . The yield of the pure fraction is 25% of the passed volume of raw alcohol containing 20 wt.% impurities. As can be seen from the examples, the proposed method makes it possible to obtain a commercial product (ethyl alcohol) with high quality indicators and high yield.

To eliminate the specific odor and improve the taste of vodka, additional home cleaning and flavoring is used, adding a variety of fruits, berries, herbs, and various spices.
So, how do we cleanse?

To clean vodka, add 5 tablets of Karbolene (activated carbon) purchased at the pharmacy, slightly crushed into small pieces with the handle of a knife (but not crushed into powder), onto the floor of a liter bottle.
Then the bottle is closed and vigorously shaken for 2-3 minutes, while the vodka turns black. After 10 minutes, the shaking is repeated. After half an hour, you can shake the bottle again.
After this, the bottle is left completely alone in the dark for 2-3 days.
At the end of the settling, a dense black layer of activated carbon is deposited at the bottom of the bottle, and above it is the purest vodka, which is very carefully siphoned off from the sediment.
Do not try to filter the vodka to speed up the process - the filter will instantly become clogged with carbon and filtration will stop.
You must wait patiently until the coal itself completely precipitates.
The loss of vodka is about 5%, which remains at the bottom in black coal sediment. The more Karbolene you add, the greater the loss of vodka.
Vodka purified in this way is superior in purity and taste to any most expensive one.

More effective and more accessible than other methods is filtration, in which vodka passes through filters made of adsorbent substances; activated carbon is most often used in their role.
You can also strain the vodka through a vessel with charcoal or place coal directly into vodka at the rate of 50 g of coal per 1 liter of vodka. Leave the charcoal for 3 weeks, remembering to shake the container in which you are cleaning every day. After 3 weeks, filter the liquid. Now you can see for yourself by tasting that the vodka has become purer. It is better to use coal left over from the combustion of birch firewood.

You can pass vodka through household filters for purification such as “Springhead”, “Barrier”, etc.

An ancient Russian method for purifying homemade vodka:
You need to pour a little milk or egg white into the prepared vodka. These products bind fusel oils and together with them form sediment at the bottom. Carefully pour the vodka into a clean vessel and distill again. After that, put freshly baked Rye bread. The product obtained as a result of all these operations is almost pure alcohol, devoid of any impurities.

Using the same principle, vodka can be purified using potassium permanganate. Pour 2-3 g of potassium permanganate powder into a 3-liter jar and wait for a precipitate to form. Next, carefully pour the purified vodka into another container, avoiding sediment from getting into it.

Cleansing by freezing.
Place the bottle in freezer refrigerator, defrost after a while and carefully pour into a clean container, and try to prevent ice from the walls of the bottle from getting into the purified drink. The mechanism of the proposed method is not complicated: the water in vodka freezes, creating an ice crust on the inner surface of the bottle and absorbing harmful impurities, including fusel oils. Try defrosted vodka, and you will feel that its taste, and therefore its quality, has improved significantly.

Vodka flavoring
To eliminate the specific odor and improve the taste of vodka, aromatization is used by adding a variety of fruits, berries, herbs, and various spices. They are also added to the finished purified vodka, which is infused for a certain time to obtain the desired effect.
Initially, hops were used to flavor vodka and moonshine. Even in small quantities it can almost completely destroy fusel smell and taste.
Similar qualities are distinguished by Bee Honey, which is also an effective aromatic additive.
Many medicinal herbs can be used for aromatization. This vodka, in addition to its pleasant smell, also acquires medicinal properties.
If the plant infused in the same vodka is replaced from time to time with a fresh one, you will get a concentrated infusion, which can then be used to improve the taste and smell of vodka by simply adding it in small quantities.
It is most practical to infuse the flavoring with vodka in a glass container. If you need urgent aromatization (for example, before guests arrive), it is best to place the bottles in a pan of water on wooden blocks and boil for an hour. Then cool in cold water.
When making homemade vodka, flavoring can also be added to the starter. Herbs, lemon and orange peels are very appropriate here. However, the aroma is barely noticeable. To enhance it, it is better to first infuse the water used to make the mash with the flavoring you have chosen (or prepare a decoction), and then dilute the starter in this water.

Here are several recipes for vodka and moonshine with improved taste and smell.

Orange vodka
Ingredients: refined sugar, water - 1 l, vodka - 2 l, peels of 4-5 oranges.
Preparation: Boil syrup from refined sugar and water. Mix with vodka. Pour into the bottle and throw in the orange peels. Place in a place protected from light for 3-4 days. Then filter and bottle.
Varenukha
Ingredients: dried fruits (pears, apples, cherries, plums, figs), vodka, horns, honey, pepper to taste.
Preparation: rinse dried fruits and horns, pour vodka, add honey and pepper to taste. Cover the dish with a piece of bread and coat unleavened dough. Place in a very warm place for 12 hours (in the village - on a hot stove). Drink hot. You can also eat fruits.
Grape vodka
Ingredients: grape juice - 1 l, sugar - 1 kg, tea - 1 tbsp. l., Bay leaf- 5 pcs., black peppercorns - 5 pcs., vanillin - 0.5 tsp, vodka - 1 l.
Preparation: Add the listed ingredients to the vodka. Leave for 5-6 days, stirring regularly. Strain. These flavorings perfectly eliminate the moonshine smell.
Cherry vodka
Ingredients: vodka, cherry fruits.
Preparation: fill the bottle 3/4 full with ripe cherries (half of them should be pitted), fill with vodka and place in the cellar for 1.5 months. After the above time has passed, drain the vodka and squeeze the cherries through the canvas. Let them sit. After a day, mix the juice with vodka, pour into bottles, and seal. It is recommended to try again after a year.
Typically, women prefer drinks that are weaker and sweeter than classic moonshine. Especially for them, we will present several recipes for drinks with a pleasant, mild taste.
Strawberry vodka
Ingredients: strawberries or wild strawberries - 3 kg, sugar - 1.5 kg, vodka - 1 bottle.
Preparation: Grind strawberries or strawberries with sugar, add vodka.
"Cognac"
Ingredients: strong moonshine- 3l, sugar and high quality tea - 1 tbsp each, bay leaf - 3 pcs., black peppercorns - 5 pcs., clove buds - 3-5 pcs., several orange or lemon peels.
Preparation: mix all ingredients thoroughly and let the vodka steep for 10 days.
Robin
Ingredients: raspberries, vodka, sugar syrup to taste.
Preparation: Fill the bottle 3/4 full with ripe raspberries. Fill with vodka and keep in the shade for two days. Drain, throw away the raspberries, put them in 1/2 a fresh bottle and fill them again with the same vodka for two days. Drain and strain. Dissolve sugar syrup and add to taste.
Absinthe
Ingredients: vodka, leaves and flowers of wormwood.
Preparation: Dry the top leaves and flowers of wormwood in the shade, then immerse in vodka so that they occupy a quarter of the container. Vodka can be consumed after 1-2 weeks.
Caraway vodka
Ingredients: cumin - 350-400 g, water - 1 l, sugar to taste.
Preparation: Distill the water with cumin through a distillation apparatus. The resulting cumin water can be stored in the refrigerator or cellar for several months. When you need caraway vodka, sweeten the water just a little, pour it into the vodka to taste - and the drink is ready.
Colored vodka
Vodka can be given a very beautiful color without using any artificial colors.
For her to buy:
- blue color - infuse it with cornflowers;
- green - mint;
- red - on blueberries;
- purple - on sunflower seeds;
- yellow - on saffron.