Handmade candy cake. Original handmade gift

Almost everyone loves sweets, so candy cakes are becoming more and more popular every day. No wonder, because such products look solemn and festive. In addition, such a gift is easy to make with your own hands!

Candy Cake: Master Class

You will need:

  • Candies;
  • Cardboard;
  • corrugated paper;
  • Scissors;
  • Double sided tape or glue.

Execution instructions:

Cut out a frame for the cake from cardboard. Tape or glue to the base of the candy so that they are securely held, but at the same time, they can be unfastened.

Lay out the crepe paper, cut out the petals and strips from which you can make flowers. Choose the size of the flowers according to the size of the candies. By the way, you can also put small sweets in the buds themselves.

Wrap the candies in a strip and glue the petals to it, twisting the edges a little. Sweets should easily come out of the flowers.

Gather sweet buds into a bouquet and attach to the prepared frame. Flowers can be decorated with green corrugated paper leaves, beautiful beads, rhinestones, ribbons, sparkles and even small figures.

Read also:

  • DIY gifts from sweets
  • Wish paper cake

You will need:

  • Candies;
  • Styrofoam;
  • Round box with cookies;
  • Rafaelo box;
  • corrugated paper;
  • Double-sided tape;
  • Scissors;
  • beads;
  • hot glue;
  • Foil;
  • Toothpicks;
  • Candles;
  • Beautiful fabric.

Execution instructions:

Cut out the bottom layer of foam. The first one should be the largest. Finish the edges with sandpaper and glue it with a beautiful cloth.

The second layer is a cookie box. It also needs to be pasted over with a cloth using double-sided tape.

Cut a strip of crepe paper 4 cm wide. Glue the cut ribbon to the middle layer like a frill.

Attach sweets to the sides with double-sided tape.

For the bottom layer, cut a corrugated strip just above the base itself. Glue it to the foam using tape. Stretch the top edges of the paper a little to make a shuttlecock.

At the junction between the base and the shuttlecock, glue beautiful beads on hot glue. Attach sweets to the side.

Now proceed to the design of the top layer, consisting of the Rafaelo box. Paste it with a cloth, attach corrugated paper and glue candies.

You have 3 layers of different sizes. Wrap each with pretty ribbons and tie a bow.

Decorate the bottom “cake” of the cake with candles, and the top one with any flowers. Glue half of a toothpick to the base of the candles with double-sided tape.

Cut out flower petals from foil or glitter paper.

Glue the leaves to the tape, forming a flower. Stretch the tips of the petals a little and bend each to the bottom with a pencil.

Attach the finished candles to the bottom layer of the cake.

You will need:

  • Sweets of several types;
  • Double-sided and regular tape;
  • Scissors;
  • Gift ribbon;
  • Whatman;
  • Glue;
  • Gift paper;
  • Toothpicks.

Execution instructions:

Using cardboard or colored paper, make as many "cakes" as you need for your cake. If you do not want to prepare the levels of the product yourself, you can buy round boxes of chocolates in different sizes at the store.

Now, use double-sided tape to stick candies to each level. To make the cake brighter, attach to each layer different sweets. It is recommended to start with the top "cake".

Each row after that, tie with colorful ribbon. You can fill in the empty gaps with flowers.

Using gift paper, cut out 10x10 cm squares. Take the candy, open it on one side and insert a toothpick. Wrap the end of the candy and secure it with tape. Make about 20 of these flowers.

Instead of gift paper for making flowers, you can take corrugated paper. Cut the petals out of it and attach them in a circle with tape to a candy with a toothpick. Now you can decorate the cake with flowers.

Candy Cake: Ideas

Deciding on a gift for any holiday is not at all an easy task, even though it is intended for your close, well-known person. Many prefer the easy way: they are not original and buy flowers and sweets. But it is much more interesting for you yourself and more pleasant for the birthday person to make a cake from sweets with your own hands. Such a present will not only be remembered for a long time, but also become great addition to the holiday menu.

Easy peasy

If you are going to learn how to create culinary creations from sweets, you can use the most versatile option that is suitable for all occasions. Before starting work, prepare necessary materials. You will need:

  • several types of sweets;
  • simple and double-sided tape;
  • wide satin ribbon;
  • gift paper (glossy, matte, corrugated or even transparent - it depends on what design you have in mind for your future creation);
  • ordinary paper;
  • several toothpicks;
  • glue (you can use PVA, but it is better to take a stronger one so that it better fastens the materials and holds them together);
  • paints.

So, how to make a do-it-yourself candy cake? First of all, create its foundation - cakes. But unlike the classic, familiar dessert, they will be inedible.

Cut out two identical circles and a straight strip from whatman paper. Its length should be equal to their circumference. Connect these elements with glue to form a cylindrical structure that resembles the shape of a cake layer.

Cover the base with colored paints, as well as gift self-adhesive paper. To make a two-tiered dessert, design another such figure according to the same pattern. But it should have a smaller diameter. To make things easier and save time, you can use round cookie or candy boxes.

When you make a DIY candy cake, you need to place the smaller half on top of the larger one and secure it with glue or double-sided tape. Then apply a thin layer of a bonding agent on their walls and fix sweets on it. To make the dessert more beautiful, coat each base different types sweets with bright candy wrappers. Make sure they match well in color.

After the decoration is completed, wrap the tiers with ribbon and tie a beautiful neat bow out of it. Thus, you will not only give the gift a festive mood, but also create an additional mount that will hold candies on its walls.

Additional design

The next stage of work on creating a do-it-yourself candy cake is filling in the "bald patches" between the sweets. If you are creating a present for a girl, use artificial flowers for this purpose. And for a guy, you can use buttons, pieces of denim or other decorative elements.

To implement the first option, take corrugated paper, adhesive tape and a toothpick. Cut out a dozen small hearts, they will become the petals of the future flower. Stretch each of them slightly with your thumbs. Do this very carefully so as not to tear the paper. Do-it-yourself candy cakes, photos of which can cause a smile and tenderness in anyone, look doubly attractive with such flowers.

Glue the petals around the head of the toothpick, which is this case plays the role of a stem. Make two dozen of these roses to cover all unwanted gaps in your work. Attach them to those places where the walls of the base are visible between the sweets.

chocolate cake

If you are planning to make a DIY candy cake for an amateur chocolate bars and cookies, you will need the following method.

To get started, collect the necessary materials:

  • 2 cylindrical boxes for cookies or sweets (they should be of different sizes);
  • circle cut out of cardboard;
  • double sided tape;
  • foil (you can take the material for baking); corrugated paper;
  • sweets and thin oblong bars or chocolate cookies of the same shape.

Instruction

Start work by creating a stand. To do this, wrap a circle of cardboard with foil and secure it with tape. Make sure that the coating fits snugly to the base, does not swell or crumple anywhere.

How to make a cake from sweets with your own hands? The master class recommends further gluing a large box to the finished “tray”. The best way to do this is with double sided tape. From above, fix the smaller package in the same way.

Decorate the building with sweets: cover the lower tier with bars, and the upper one with sweets.

You can fill a small box with any sweets, and hide an additional gift in a large box. Do not forget to cover both parts with corrugated paper before this.

Romantic option

Do-it-yourself candy cakes, photos of which will delight your loved ones for more than one year, are not difficult to do. You can give them not only on the occasion of your birthday, but also on other holidays, or if you just want to make a pleasant surprise for a caring person.

As a romantic present for your soulmate, you can use a gentle and sophisticated version. To prepare it you will need:

  • a large piece of foam;
  • special glue gun;
  • satin ribbon and beads, which are useful for decoration;
  • wrapping paper in pastel pink, sky blue, cream or white;
  • oblong sweets;
  • most common scissors.

Stages of work

Cut out a large and a small base from the styrofoam. Decorate them with wrapping paper. To fix it, you need a glue gun. Connect the parts together and fix the candy on their walls using double-sided tape.

How to make a cake from sweets with your own hands? The master class advises to proceed further to the stage of decorating the product. Wrap both halves of it with tape. Separately, make bows decorated with beads. Place them in a free order around the perimeter of the product.

You can also complement the composition with artificial or even natural flowers. Please note: the first option is very short-lived. Therefore, it is better to either make floral elements out of paper, or attach them just before the presentation of the present, if they are alive.

For the birthday boy

Cakes made from chocolates and sweets, made with your own hands, are the perfect birthday gift, regardless of the age of the birthday person. Such a colorful sweet surprise will be an unforgettable present, the memory of which will warm the soul of your loved one. It can also serve as a wrapper for a small souvenir that you will present.

There is nothing difficult in making such a cake from sweets with your own hands. Step by step description work on it traditionally begins with pre-training. You are required to collect the following materials and tools:

  • a large piece of foam;
  • double-sided adhesive tape for fixing parts;
  • stationery scissors;
  • gift ribbon;
  • wrapping paper (plain and corrugated);
  • candies;
  • strong glue.

So let's get started

Decide on the size of your brainchild and cut out two identical circles from the foam. Cover them with thick gift paper. You can use the material of the same color or combine two shades (light and dark) to make the product look more interesting. The bottom and lid of the cake-box are ready. Now let's move on to its walls.

In the process of working on how to make a do-it-yourself candy cake, the master class advises you to take the next step. Cut out a ring from the same material, about three centimeters wide. Glue it to one of the previously made surfaces. You should get a figure similar in shape to a low wide glass.

The second circle does not need to be completely attached - it will be a kind of cover. You can only fix it with a small vertical strip of adhesive tape so that it does not fall off at the most inopportune moment and spoil the surprise.

Do-it-yourself candy cake master class advises decorating using double-sided tape, on which sweets will stick perfectly.

Please note: when fastening the bars, you need to ensure that the inscriptions on their packages lie in the same direction (only from the bottom up or vice versa, but not mixed up). Otherwise, the whole composition will look sloppy and careless.

After the bulk of the decor has been applied and fixed, decorate the structure with a ribbon with a bow.

More edible

Do-it-yourself cakes from chocolates and sweets can also be prepared using dough. In this case, baked ones should be used instead of artificial cakes. Along the edges they can be covered with bars and cookies, and sprinkled with small sweets on top and decorated with edible and not very toys.

Fill the cavity inside with candy or put a gift in it. Cover it all with a lid and, if you want, decorate it with flowers, toys or a congratulatory inscription.

Another interesting option- melt the chocolates, pour the resulting mass into an iron mold (this will be the bottom of the cake) and line up the walls of the bars along the edges.

After the mass has hardened, carefully turn the container over so that its contents fall out without disintegrating. Then pour inside different goodies- a do-it-yourself candy cake for beginners is ready.

Almost everyone loves sweets, so candy cakes are becoming more and more popular every day. No wonder, because such products look solemn and festive. In addition, such a gift is easy to make with your own hands!

Candy Cake: Master Class

You will need:

  • Candies;
  • Cardboard;
  • corrugated paper;
  • Scissors;
  • Double sided tape or glue.

Execution instructions:

Cut out a frame for the cake from cardboard. Tape or glue to the base of the candy so that they are securely held, but at the same time, they can be unfastened.

Lay out the crepe paper, cut out the petals and strips from which you can make flowers. Choose the size of the flowers according to the size of the candies. By the way, you can also put small sweets in the buds themselves.

Wrap the candies in a strip and glue the petals to it, twisting the edges a little. Sweets should easily come out of the flowers.

Gather sweet buds into a bouquet and attach to the prepared frame. Flowers can be decorated with green corrugated paper leaves, beautiful beads, rhinestones, ribbons, sparkles and even small figures.

Read also: Gifts with their own hands from sweets.

How to make a candy cake?

You will need:

  1. Candies;
  2. Styrofoam;
  3. Round box with cookies;
  4. Rafaelo box;
  5. corrugated paper;
  6. Double-sided tape;
  7. Scissors;
  8. beads;
  9. hot glue;
  10. Foil;
  11. Toothpicks;
  12. Candles;
  13. Beautiful fabric.

Execution instructions:

Cut out the bottom layer of foam. The first one should be the largest. Finish the edges with sandpaper and glue it with a beautiful cloth.

The second layer is a cookie box. It also needs to be pasted over with a cloth using double-sided tape.

Cut a strip of crepe paper 4 cm wide. Glue the cut ribbon to the middle layer like a frill.

Attach sweets to the sides with double-sided tape.

For the bottom layer, cut a corrugated strip just above the base itself. Glue it to the foam using tape. Stretch the top edges of the paper a little to make a shuttlecock.

At the junction between the base and the shuttlecock, glue beautiful beads on hot glue. Attach sweets to the side.

Now proceed to the design of the top layer, consisting of the Rafaelo box. Paste it with a cloth, attach corrugated paper and glue candies.

You have 3 layers of different sizes. Wrap each with pretty ribbons and tie a bow.

Decorate the bottom “cake” of the cake with candles, and the top one with any flowers. Glue half of a toothpick to the base of the candles with double-sided tape.

Cut out flower petals from foil or glitter paper.

Glue the leaves to the tape, forming a flower. Stretch the tips of the petals a little and bend each to the bottom with a pencil.

Attach the finished candles to the bottom layer of the cake.

Read also: Do-it-yourself candy flowers.

Do-it-yourself candy cake: how to make?

You will need:

  • Sweets of several types;
  • Double-sided and regular tape;
  • Scissors;
  • Gift ribbon;
  • Whatman;
  • Glue;
  • Gift paper;
  • Toothpicks.

Execution instructions:

Using cardboard or colored paper, make as many "cakes" as you need for your cake. If you do not want to prepare the levels of the product yourself, you can buy round boxes of chocolates in different sizes at the store.

Now, use double-sided tape to stick candies to each level. To make the cake brighter, attach different sweets to each layer. It is recommended to start with the top "cake".

Each row after that, tie with colorful ribbon. You can fill in the empty gaps with flowers.

Using gift paper, cut out 10x10 cm squares. Take the candy, open it on one side and insert a toothpick. Wrap the end of the candy and secure it with tape. Make about 20 of these flowers.

Instead of gift paper for making flowers, you can take corrugated paper. Cut the petals out of it and attach them in a circle with tape to a candy with a toothpick. Now you can decorate the cake with flowers.

On a children's birthday, it is customary to bring treats for kids to the garden. But not all mothers approve of chocolates and other types of sweets. Therefore, it is worth making a Barney and juice cake for a child’s birthday, such a gift will definitely please the children and will be approved by the parents. To make it easier for you to make such a cake, we present the corresponding master class.

Handmade candy cake. cool gift in Kindergarten

To make a Barney and juice cake, you need to stock up on the appropriate materials. This workshop involves buying small juice boxes, Barney boxes, Milky Way chocolates, and a Kinder Surprise to put on top. Prepare thick cardboard, corrugated paper, thermal gun and adhesive tape.

  1. Place the juice boxes in a circle so that you can measure the diameter of the circle. Having received the desired number, cut out the corresponding circle from paper. Also cut out a circle from corrugated paper, but it should be slightly larger than a cardboard circle. Glue the corrugated paper to the cardboard, and stretch it slightly along the edges to make ruffles.
  2. Put juice on a cardboard circle and measure the diameter of the inner circle and the height of the juice pack in order to make a “second floor” out of cardboard. Once you have the correct data, shape the strip of cardboard into a circle and cover the strip with corrugated paper.
  3. Glue this cardboard so that you get a rim just behind the juice boxes. From above, this side must be covered with a lid cut out of cardboard and covered with corrugated paper. It is better to glue the side and the lid with a heat gun.
  4. The third floor can be created according to the same principle, and the fourth floor can be made from a cardboard cylinder, it also needs to be pasted over with corrugated paper. You can not cover the last cylinder with a lid, but insert a kinder surprise directly into it.

Now you can arrange the sweets you bought on the "floors". In the example photos you can see how to do it right. Our master class suggests that you do not glue Barney and juice, but only tie them with a satin ribbon.

To bring the cake to kindergarten, you can pack it in transparent wrapping paper. Our master class is over, and your cake is ready.

Barney and chocolate cake

For boy

  • For a boy, you can make a special gift - a candy steering wheel. Such a steering wheel made of sweets will please the baby, our step-by-step instruction will help to make such a gift easily and simply.
  • You will need thick cardboard and several options for sweets that have a flat bottom. The steering wheel, its shape and size, as well as the number of sweets, choose for yourself, but try to correlate the size so that after sticking the sweets you do not have free space on the cardboard.
  • MK suggests that you first cut the steering wheel out of paper, then out of cardboard. Cardboard must be painted black or covered with black corrugated paper. Start gluing candy to the steering wheel with a hot glue gun. If you wish, you can wrap the gift wheel in wrapping paper. The master class invites you to stick the logo of the car that your boy likes on the steering wheel.

Milky Way and Nesquik candy cake

For girl

For a girl's birthday, you can create a magnificent cake, in the center of which there will be a doll. The master class is very simple, but at the same time interesting. You need to prepare juice boxes, small chocolates, Barney cookies and, of course, a doll in the center of the cake, for which MK was started.

Cut out two identical circles from cardboard, their diameter should be the same as the diameter of the circle if you put the packs in a circle. Cut out a strip of cardboard exactly the same size as the diameter of the circle and glue the two circles through it. You will get a kind of box, you can leave a small hole to put in there that treat that will not fit on the cake for the children in the birthday garden, which you make according to this MK.

  • Do exactly the same operation, making two more circles for chocolates and Barney. They should be smaller than the previous ones, but at the same time, the planned packages of treats should easily become on the previous "floors".
  • The top platform in this birthday cake can be created using a small cardboard cylinder. But first, be sure to check that the doll, which will be a birthday present for the girl, fits into the top hat.
  • As soon as each tier is ready, cover it with pink fabric or corrugated paper that matches your color. When you wrap each tier, you can start gluing the circle one to the other. It is best to arrange them symmetrically, so it will be easier to arrange the treat, and in the photo the birthday cake will look better.

Finishing the master class, I would like to say that for a girl it would be better to decorate the cake with a pink satin ribbon. The cake will look very beautiful if it is also decorated with paper flowers with candy inside. On the name day, every girl will appreciate such a gift, the little ones will be happy to take a photo with such a gift. Such a cake can be brought to the classroom and please the children.

Cake of sweets for kindergarten

Today it has become fashionable to bring as a treat beautiful cake from juices and sweets to kindergarten (see the article for a master class). But not all parents allow their kids to eat sweets, in our article we will look at how to make a cake from Barney's children's biscuit cakes and juice. All kids will appreciate this treat.
In another article, we discussed how to make .

Barney sponge cake and baby juice

In order to make a beautiful cake for kindergarten, we need the following materials and tools:

  • Baby juice in cardboard boxes (200 ml);
  • Cake "Barney";
  • Children's milk chocolate(Milky Way or Nesquik);
  • Chocolate egg;
  • The cardboard is thick;
  • Corrugated paper;
  • Thermal gun;
  • Scotch.

The amount of sweet treat will depend on the number of children in your group.

Preparation and Assembly:

First of all, we make the basis for the cake - the first layer. To do this, cut out two identical circles from thick cardboard and fasten it with a strip 5-7 cm thick (the height of the circle is best calculated from the calculation of the height of the juice, cake), cut out of thick cardboard.

Then we make a smaller circle in the same way. The third product made of thick cardboard should be in the form of a cylinder.

After all the cardboard blanks are ready, it is necessary to glue them with plain paper. Then we take corrugated paper in our hands, glue each cardboard layer with it so that we get small ruffles.

With corrugated paper, this is not a problem. After all the details of the cake are ready, glue the layers together. The final third layer is best placed in the center. Now it remains to decorate our blanks with sweets.

First layer - baby juice, attach it to the hot melt adhesive, the second layer of the Barney cake, and the third layer of chocolate, glue on top of the third cylinder chocolate egg. After we decorate our finished cake.

We tie each floor of our cake of juices and sweets for kindergarten with a beautiful satin ribbon, tying a bow in the middle.

We pack the finished cake from juice and sweets with our own hands in a transparent package and take it to kindergarten(Master Class).


Unusual cake for little princesses

For a little princess, you can make a beautiful cake of sweets, in the center of which there will be a beautiful Barbie doll. Making this type of cake is simple, but interesting. To make a cake, we need:

  • Small doll;
  • Small boxes with juice (200 ml);
  • Kinder chocolate;
  • Biscuit cakes "Barney".

We put the juice tightly in a circle on the table, measure the diameter of the resulting circle and transfer it to thick cardboard. We need 2 such parts. After we cut out a strip of cardboard, the width of which will be equal to the height of the juice box. Using this strip, glue the two circles together. As a result, we get a rounded box.

In order for everyone to have enough treats in kindergarten, we suggest that you make a small hole in the box and put some of the sweets there that will not be on the cake itself.

We do the same with the second and third parts, only they should be much smaller than the main one. It should be a three tiered cake.

In the third tier, the main cover is not required, since a doll will be inserted inside it. We glue together all three tiers. You can use a glue gun for this. This is how the production of a cake from juices and sweets begins, which can be taken to kindergarten (for a master class with a video, see the article).

Now let's move on to decorating. We glue each of the tiers with beautiful paper, you can use corrugated paper. Now let's move on to fixing sweets. This can be done in two ways - tie each of the rows with a beautiful satin ribbon, or attach each sweet with hot glue.

We decided to fix it in the first way. To do this, we build the juice tightly along the very base and, with gentle movements, we tie the row with a red satin ribbon. In order for the ribbon to look neat and beautiful, we suggest decorating it as well. To do this, we buy small fabric bows and attach them at the same distance from each other with hot glue. We are waiting for complete drying.

In the meantime, set the cakes in the same way, tie with a neutral-colored ribbon. In order for the cake not to look very blunt, we will not decorate the second row.

We pass to the final row. We line up Kinder chocolate tiles and tie them with a white ribbon with red polka dots, make a beautiful bow in the middle. We set the doll in the very center. We fasten ready-made bows and white bears next to the chrysalis.

That's all, our kindergarten cake master class from juices and sweets has come to an end, now you can please your beloved daughter with a beautiful treat.


How to make a cake for a boy?

For the cake, prepare the following ingredients:

  • Tin container (you can take from under sweets or any other tray with a recess);
  • Sheets of cardboard;
  • Colored or corrugated paper;
  • Long skewer;
  • Glue gun and Moment glue;
  • Small juice (200 ml);
  • "Barney";
  • Tubes for juice.

We will use a deep container as a basis, in which all purchased small boxes of juice should fit.

Then we take dark blue corrugated paper and cut out a strip, the width of which is 3.5-4 cm. Its length is equal to the diameter of the container. We take it by one of the ends and pull it slightly. The strip turns out to be slightly wavy, which is what we need.

Then we take light blue paper and cut out a strip of the same length as the first one, but its width should be no more than 3 cm. We give it a wavy look, similar to the first case. Now we lay the first strip on the table, and on top of it the second. We glue them together in three places.

We take a tin container, apply Moment glue on it and attach it on the side. We are waiting for the complete drying of the adhesive. This is the basis for a cake of juice and sweets for kindergarten (for a master class with step-by-step photos, see the article).

In order to hide the container, you need to bend the edges of the paper down. You also need to decorate the bottom of the container. To do this, cut out a circle from corrugated paper, the diameter of which corresponds to the container itself. We put it on the bottom.

Carefully put the baby drink in the box into the container. We do this tightly and until the container is filled with boxes.

Then we make again the same tape as for the first time, fix it on the juice. Now it’s worth taking care that during transportation our cake does not crumble into pieces. To do this, we take simple multi-colored tubes for a cocktail and stick them into the space between the boxes, the main thing is that one of these tubes must be located in the center.

Around the tubes on the second row, carefully place the cakes. In order for them not to crumble, we put adhesive tape on the table with the sticky side up, and the cakes themselves on top of it. That's all, now you can easily make the basis of the second row of the cake. We fill tightly the second tier.

If the tubes stick out, then they must be cut off. We leave only the whole tube, which is located in the center, to which we will attach a number on a cake of juice and sweets to kindergarten, the master class of which is presented with a photo step by step.

The cake made of juices and sweets for kindergarten is almost ready, the only thing left is to close it and decorate it. We measure the radius of the cake circle and draw a figure on cardboard, and then on blue corrugated paper. Don't forget the small hole for the center tube. Glue the circles together.

We make a strip, as described above, but only in blue. Glue it to the main finished circle. We lay the received part on the second tier. Now you need to drop a little instant glue into the tube and attach to it wooden skewer. We are waiting for complete drying.

Let's move on to decorating the numbers. How old is your baby, we cut out such a figure from cardboard. We need 2 parts. Cut out and glued with blue corrugated paper so that one of them turned out in a mirror image.

We glue the prepared numbers together, and glue them along the contour with a beautiful dark blue braid and immediately attach it to the skewer until the glue dries. It is important that the number is even and looks straight, not crooked.

We decorate the surface of the cake with any ready-made decor, and you can also make beautiful flowers yourself from paper and sweets in the middle, or, for example, put a small toy car. We wrap each of the tiers of the cake with a beautiful satin ribbon.

A master class on making a cake from juice and sweets for a boy in kindergarten is completed.